Comprender los diversos tipos de préstamos y cómo se relacionan con la propiedad inmobiliaria es crucial. En este caso, exploraremos un escenario donde tanto bienes raíces como mobiliario sirven como garantía para un préstamo. Este tipo de préstamo se conoce como «package loan» y se analizará en detalle.

Stage

Juan Smith, a 25-year-old man, is purchasing a single-family residence in a new 50-parcel subdivision in California. The house is ready to move in. Because the other 49 parcels have already been sold, Smith is purchasing the model home in the new development. The developer offers to sell the furnishings of the model home along with the real estate. Smith, in the process of obtaining a fully amortized loan, discusses the purchase of the furniture with his lender.

The answer: The Package Loan

Un «préstamo con paquete» es lo que se debería hacer en este caso, y se refiere a un préstamo que está garantizado no solo por la propiedad inmobiliaria en sí, sino también por los bienes personales que se venden junto con la propiedad inmobiliaria. En este caso, el mobiliario de la casa modelo se considera propiedad personal que se «empaqueta» con la propiedad inmobiliaria. Algunos ejemplos de bienes personales que pueden «empaquetarse» con bienes raíces son:

1. Furniture sold with model homes or vacation properties: In new developments or vacation properties, furniture is often sold along with the home to give buyers a complete, move-in-ready experience.
2. Kitchen equipment sold with a property used as a restaurant: In the case of a commercial property, such as a restaurant, kitchen equipment may be included in the sale as part of the real estate package.

Differences with Other Loans

It is important to understand the key differences between a package loan and other types of loans:

• Construction Loan (construction loan): A construction loan is used to finance the construction of a property and is provided in stages as construction progresses. In this case, the property is already move-in ready, so it is not a construction loan.
• Term Loan (term loan – aka a «straight» loan): Un préstamo a plazo, también conocido como préstamo «recto», implica pagos de intereses y un pago global del principal al final del plazo. Smith está obteniendo un préstamo completamente amortizado, lo que significa que sus pagos son iguales durante todo el plazo y el saldo se reduce a cero al final.
• Home Equity Conversion Loan (home equity conversion loan – aka a «reverse mortgage»): Este tipo de préstamo, también conocido como «hipoteca inversa» o «reverse mortgage», is designed for older people (at least 62-years-old) and allows you to convert the equity accumulated in the home into a liquid asset without selling the property. Smith, at 25 years old, would not qualify for this type of loan.

What is a reverse mortgage?

A reverse mortgage is a special type of loan designed primarily for seniors. It allows homeowners to convert the equity accumulated in their homes into a liquid asset without having to sell the property. Instead of making monthly payments to the lender, as with a traditional mortgage, reverse mortgage owners can receive periodic payments from the lender or withdraw a lump sum. The distinguishing feature of a reverse mortgage is that borrowers generally do not have to repay the loan until they sell the property, die, or move permanently into a care home.

Key Benefits of a Reverse Mortgage:

• Access to Cash: Seniors can get cash using the equity in their home without selling it. This can be helpful to cover medical expenses, home improvements, or other financial needs.
• Staying at Home: Homeowners can remain in their home while enjoying the benefits of a reverse mortgage. There is no need to move or sell the property.
• Flexibility in Payments: Borrowers can choose to receive periodic payments from the lender or withdraw a lump sum, depending on their financial needs.

Disadvantages of a Reverse Mortgage:

• Cumulative Interests: A diferencia de una hipoteca tradicional, donde los prestatarios hacen pagos mensuales que reducen el saldo del préstamo, en una hipoteca inversa, los intereses se acumulan con el tiempo y se suman al saldo del préstamo. Esto se llama «amortización negativa» y puede resultar en una deuda creciente.

Eligibility and Considerations:

• Age: To qualify for a reverse mortgage, borrowers generally must be at least 62 years old.
• Home Ownership: Borrowers must be homeowners and live in the property as their primary residence.
• Mandatory Advice: Before obtaining a reverse mortgage, borrowers are required to receive independent financial advice to fully understand the associated risks and benefits.

Reverse mortgages are an important financial tool for seniors who want to tap into the equity in their home without having to sell it. However, it is essential to understand that accumulating interest can lead to increasing debt over time. For those who qualify and understand the risks, a reverse mortgage can be a valuable option to improve quality of life in retirement.

Conclusion

El conocimiento de los diferentes tipos de préstamos y cómo funcionan es esencial para los agentes de bienes raíces en California. En este caso, se aclaró el concepto de un «préstamo con paquete», donde tanto los bienes raíces como los bienes personales se utilizan como garantía. Esto puede ser relevante cuando se trata de transacciones inmobiliarias que incluyen mobiliario o equipos específicos junto con la propiedad inmobiliaria.